محرك البحث عن الدرجات

The default seawater alloy. 90% copper with 10% nickel and a controlled iron addition builds a protective cuprous oxide film in seawater, and the inherent copper toxicity stops macrofouling — barnacles and mussels do not settle, so cooling lines stay clean without chlorination. Specified for ship and platform seawater systems, firewater ring mains and condenser tubing where the velocity stays below about 3.5 m/s.

The higher-duty cupro nickel. Tripling the nickel to 30% raises strength, erosion-corrosion resistance and the allowable seawater velocity to around 4.5 m/s, and lifts the service temperature well above 90/10. It is the grade for pump and valve-adjacent piping, hot brine and MSF desalination heat recovery, and any line where turbulence or sand loading would strip the film off 90/10.

The desalination variant of 70/30. Raising iron and manganese to about 2% each stabilises the protective film under high velocity, sand-laden and partly deaerated brine, which is exactly the duty inside MSF evaporator heat recovery and reject sections. Where 70/30 tubes thin at the inlet ends, C71640 holds.

فائق الدوبلكس مع PREN أعلى من 40 لأشد بيئات مياه البحر والخدمات الحامضية. يضيف S32760 (Zeron 100) التنغستن والنحاس لتعزيز مقاومة الأحماض.

الفولاذ الهيكلي المروي والمقسى بقوة خضوع دنيا تبلغ 690 MPa. يسمح بتخفيض الوزن بشكل كبير في الهياكل الحاملة بالمقارنة مع S355 التقليدي.

Nickel-iron-chromium with molybdenum, copper and titanium. The combination handles both reducing and oxidising acids and resists chloride stress corrosion cracking and sour well fluids, making 825 the standard CRA for sour service tubulars, cladding and acid plant.

The workhorse offshore and high-pressure grade. The higher yield allows a thinner wall at the same design pressure, cutting pipe weight on risers and long tie-backs, and X65 is the grade most often specified with sour service and HIC testing.

High strength thermomechanically rolled line pipe for long distance, large diameter transmission. X70 is specified where the pipeline economics are driven by wall thickness and steel tonnage over hundreds of kilometres.